SNC 2PO LESSON PLANS

 

 

 

Unit 3: Physics: Motion and Its Application
(22.5 hours)

Students are introduced to concepts such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, and how to describe the relationships between them using simple formulas. Many investigations are performed by the students including the determination of the acceleration due to gravity and its effect on objects of different masses.

Text: Science 10, Nelson
Concepts and Connections

  

Lesson One

 

Summary:
-define physics
-review conversion of units

-do pendulum, reflex lab

Homework:
-complete pendulum, reflex lab


PHYSICS

Physics: the study of matter and energy
-this science deals with everything from smallest quarks and atoms to largest galaxies

Kinematics: the study of motion

Prefixes for conversions:

M         -           -           k          h          da         base     d          c          m         -           -           u

Where  

M – mega- 1 000 000                             u – micro – 1/1 000 000

k – kilo – 1000                                       m – milli – 1/1000

h – hecta –100                                       c – centi – 1/100

da – deca – 10                                       d – deci – 1/10

Base – Time = s (seconds), Mass = g (gram), Volume = L (litres), Distance = m (metres)

10.06 dag = 100.6 g                   6 hL = 60 000 cL

71.6 cm = 7.16 dm                     712 mm = 0.712 m

-work on pendulum lab/reflexes

-start conversion review sheets

 

Lesson Two

 

Summary:
-describe rounding
-describe graphing

-do gum chewing lab

Homework:
-complete gum chewing lab


ROUNDING

In general, use two decimal points

5.554 rounds to 5.66

6.756 rounds to 6.76

7.445 rounds to 7.44 (round to nearest even number)

GRAPHING

Graphs should include:

Title underlined at top

Name and date in the top right hand corner

Axes labeled with units in brackets

Draw the line of best of fit            slope = rise/run (choose two points, 0,0 if possible)

 

Do gum chewing lab

 

Lesson Three

 

Summary:
-describe speed/slope
-do paper airplane lab

Homework:
-complete paper airplane lab


SPEED

Slope = rise/run

 

In a distance vs. time graph, distance goes on the side while time goes on the bottom

 

To find slope, choose any two points on the line…if 0,0 is on your line, choose it as one point

 

On this graph, rise = change in distance from point 1 to point 2 = d2 – d1 = /\d (/\ means change)

On this graph, run = change in time from point 1 to point 2 = t2 – t1 = /\t (/\ means change)

 

The slope of a distance vs. time graph is the speed (v is the symbol for speed)

 

Slope = rise/run has become Speed = change in distance/change in time  

 

v = /\d//\t = (d2 – d1)/( t2 – t1)

 

e.g. A car went from a stop to 5 m in 5 s. What is the speed of this car.

First point = (0m,0s)

Second point = (5m,5s)

 

d1 = 0 m            t1 = 0 m

d2 = 5 m            t2 = 5 s

 

Graph this…

Find the slope/speed

 

v = /\d//\t = (d2 – d1)/( t2 – t1) = (5m – 0m)/(5s – 0s) = 1 m/s

 

Do paper airplane design/graphing lab

 

 

Lesson Four

 

Summary:
-review speed
-do walking lab

Homework:
-complete walking lab


SPEED

Slope = rise/run

 

In a distance vs. time graph:

distance goes on the side time goes on the bottom

 

To find slope, choose any two points on the line

(if 0,0 is on your line, choose it as one of the two points)

 

/\ means change

 

On this graph, rise = change in distance      /\d = d2 – d1

 

On this graph, run = change in time             /\t = t2 – t1

 

The slope of a distance vs. time graph is the speed

 

The symbol for speed = v

 

Slope = rise/run has become Speed = change in distance/change in time     

 

v = /\d//\t = (d2 – d1)/( t2 – t1)

 

Lesson Five

 

Summary:
-review units

-GRASS method of problem solving

-rearrange equations

-complete problem sheet

Homework:
-complete problem sheet


UNITS

d = distance = mm, cm, m, km

 

t = time = s

 

v = speed = m/s, km/h


GRASS

A runner goes around a track four times to complete a 5 km race in a time of 5 minutes. What was the speed of the runner in km/min?

 

GIVEN what information were you given?

 

/\d = 5 km

/\t = 5 s

 

REQUIRED what information were you asked for?

 

v = ?

 

ANALYSIS what formula will you use?

 

            v = /\d / /\t

 

SUBSTITUE put numbers and units into the formula

 

             = 5 km/5 s

 

SOLVE find final answer

 

            = 1 km/s is the speed of the runner

 

V = /\d / /\t solves for speed

 

/\d = v/\t solves for distance

 

/\t = /\d / v solves for time

 

Do worksheet on physics problems

 

 

 

Lesson Six

 

Summary:
-describe kinematics

-describe scalars, vectors

Homework:
-complete problem sheet


KINEMATICS

Kinematics is the study motion

There are two main types of motion

Uniform motion is movement in a straight line at a constant speed

e.g. a train moves 15 km/h down a track in a northerly direction

 

Non uniform motion is movement with changes in direction or changes in speed

e.g a ball spins in a circle at 14 m/s, a car slows to a stop

 

SCALARS/VECTORS

There are two main types of measurement

Scalars measure a quantity that has a number, units but no direction

e.g.

distance = d = 60 km

 

speed = v = 40 km/h

 

Vectors measure a quantity that has a number, unit and a direction

e.g.

displacement = d = 60 km [N]

 

velocity = v = 40 km/h [S]

 

Lesson Seven

 

Summary:
-review motion, scalars and vectors

-do speed activity/smart highway

Homework:
-complete speed activity/smart highway


REVIEW

Review motion, scalars and vectors

 

Do speed activity

 

Work on case studies…smart highways

 

Lesson Eight

 

Summary:
-describe adding scalars

-describe adding vectors

Homework:
-do pg. 423, #2-7


ADDING SCALARS AND VECTORS

Scalar measurements may be added together to find the total

/\dR = resultant/total distance =/\d1 + /\d2

 

e.g. A dog goes 10 m north, stops, then goes 5 m south. How far has the dog gone?

/\dR =/\d1 + /\d2    = 10 m + 5 m = 15 m is the total distance the dog has gone.

 

Vector measurements are added from the start point to the final end point

 

/\dR = resultant/total dislacement =/\d1 + /\d2

 

Adding vectors using math/algebra method: this method works if vectors are in two opposite directions

 

Choose one direction to be positive, one direction to be negative

e.g. A dog goes 10 m north, stops, then goes 5 m south. What is the displacement of the dog?

Statement: north is negative, south is positive

 

/\dR =/\d1 + /\d2    = -10 m + 5 m = -5 m, or 5 m [N] is the total displacement of the dog.

 

Adding vectors using scale diagram method: this method works if vectors are in different directions

 

Draw a compass, make a scale

eg. A car goes 30 km [E] and 10 km [N]. Find the resultant displacement.        North
   Scale: 1 cm = 10 km                                                                                     ^
 /\d1 = 30 m [E]
 /\d2 = 10 m [N]
 /\dR = ? 

      /\dR
             l /\d2
    /\d1                                    

/\dR = 3.16 cm (but remember that 1 cm in the drawing is equal to 10 km in reality)
       = 31.6 km [17o N of E] or 31.6 km [73o E of N]  (the angle is found using a protractor)

 

do page 423, #2-7 in green book

Lesson Nine

 

Summary:
-review adding vectors

-add vectors using toothpicks

-answer questions on adding vectors (worksheet)

Homework:
-do pg. 428, #1-4


ADDING VECTORS

The formula for resultant displacement is:

 

/\dR =/\d1 + /\d2    + /\d3   …

 

These vectors have directions that do not change.

 

Rule: vectors do not change direction, and /\dR = /\d1 + /\d2 + /\d3
regardless of order of vectors.
/\dR = /\d1 + /\d2 + /\d3
      = /\d2 + /\d1 + /\d3
      = /\d3 + /\d1 + /\d2
      = /\d1 + /\d3 + /\d2
      = /\d2 + /\d3 + /\d1
      = /\d3 + /\d2 + /\d1

 

Lesson Ten

 

Summary:
-describe velocity

-do vector maps of room to find speed, velocity

-answer practice questions

Homework:
-finish practice questions


VELOCITY

Speed = v = /\d//\t = change in distance/change in time

Speed is a scalar with no direction

 

Average speed = vav = /\dR //\t

                             = /\d1 + /\d2 + /\d3//\t1 + /\t2 + /\t3

 

Velocity = v = /\d//\t = displacement/change in time

Velocity is a vector and has direction

 

Average velocity = vav = /\dR //\t

        = /\d1 + /\d2 + /\d3//\t1 + /\t2 + /\t3

 

Also, /\d = v/\t and /\t = /\d/v

 

e.g. a woman walks 15 km [S] in 6 h and then 5 km [N] in 4 h.

 

What is the average speed of the woman?

/\d1 =    15 km   /\d2 = 5 km   /\t1 = 6h      /\t2 = 4 h

 

vav = ? = /\dR //\t = /\d1 + /\d2 / /\t1 + /\t2

= (15 km + 5 km) / (6 h + 4 h)

= 20 km / 10h

= 2 km/h

 

What is the average velocity of the woman?

Make north positive and south negative

 /\d1 =   -15 km  /\d2 = 5 km   /\t1 = 6h     /\t2 = 4 h

 

vav = ? = /\dR //\t = /\d1 + /\d2 / /\t1 + /\t2

 = (-15 km + 5 km) / (6 h + 4 h)

 = -10 km / 10h

 = -1 km/h

 = 1 km/h [S]

 

Do meter stick vector maps of the room, finding speed and velocity.

Answer practice questions

           

 

Lesson Eleven

 

Summary:
-quiz on motion

-have students find speed/velocity on the track

Homework:
-finish speed/velocity lab


SPEED AND VELOCITY LAB

Using the track, determine your distance traveled, displacement traveled and time

 

Use this information on the lab sheet to find your speed (distance/time) and your velocity (displacement/time)

 

Plot these on graph paper

 

Lesson Twelve

 

Summary:
-design a balloon car

-measure the speed of your balloon car

Homework:
-finish balloon car lab


BALLOON CAR

Using a metal cart provided, design the fastest balloon car possible, and determine it’s speed

 

Graph the speed of your best balloon car

 

Lesson Thirteen

 

Summary:
-describe acceleration

-do speed/acceleration problems

-view collision video

Homework:
-finish acceleration problems


ACCELERATION

a = acceleration = /\v / /\t =(v2 – v1) / (t2 – t1)  = change in speed/change in time

 

e.g. a car goes from 0m/s to 10 m/s in 10 s. what is the acceleration of the car?

 

Given: v1 = 0 m/s, v2 = 10 m/s, /\t = 10 s

 

Required: a = ?

 

Analysis:     a    =(v2 – v1) / /\t

 

Substitute:        = (10 m/s – 0 m/s)/10 s

 

Solve:               = 1 m/s2

 

Do speed problems, then acceleration problems

 

View video on collisions  

Lesson Fourteen

 

Summary:

-describe positive and negative acceleration

-do spark acceleration lab

Homework:

-finish spark acceleration


ACCELERATION (cont.)

a = /\v / /\t =(v2 – v1) / (t2 – t1)  = change in speed/change in time

 

If acceleration is positive, the object is speeding up/getting faster

 

If acceleration is negative, the object is slowing down (accelerating the opposite direction)

 

If acceleration is zero, the object is not changing speed

 

e.g. a car goes from 10m/s to a stop in 10 s. what is the acceleration of the car?

 

Given: v1 = 10 m/s, v2 = 0 m/s, /\t = 10 s

 

Required: a = ?

 

Analysis:     a    =(v2 – v1) / /\t

 

Substitute:        = (0 m/s – 10 m/s)/10 s

 

Solve:               = -1 m/s2

 

This negative acceleration means that the car is slowing down

 

Do acceleration of a heavy object using on the electric sparker, comparing speed and acceleration  

Lesson Fifteen

 

Summary:
-describe instantaneous speed

-prepare for physics test

Homework:
-physics test next class


INSTANTANEOUS SPEED

Speed at one certain time is called “instantaneous speed”

 

Using a speed/time graph, you will be given the time to find instantaneous speed. Go up from that time on your graph until you hit your line and then go over to the speed. This will be your instantaneous speed.

 

Go over physics review, prepare review sheets for the test next day (lessons 1-14)

 

 

Lesson Sixteen

 

Summary:
-test on motion, lessons 1-14

Homework:
-


PHYSICS TEST

 (lessons 1-14)

Lesson Seventeen

 

Summary:
-describe acceleration as a vector

-do acceleration due to gravity lab

-do pg. 465, #2-8 of the Green Science 10 book

Homework:
-complete lab on gravity

-finish pg. 465, #2-8


ACCELERATION AS A VECTOR

a = /\v / /\t =(v2 – v1) / (t2 – t1)  = change in speed/change in time

 

If velocity (speed with a direction) is used instead of speed, acceleration is a vector

 

a = /\v / /\t =(v2 – v1) / (t2 – t1)  = change in velocity/change in time

 

e.g. a car goes from 10m/s to a stop in 10 s. what is the acceleration of the car?

 

Statement: West is positive, East is negative

 

Given: v1 = 10 m/s, v2 = 0 m/s, /\t = 10 s

 

Required:     a   = ?

 

Analysis:     a    =(v2 – v1) / /\t

 

Substitute:        = (0 m/s – 10 m/s)/10 s

 

Solve:               = -1 m/s2

 

                        = 1 m/s2 [East]

 

This negative acceleration means that the car is slowing down

 

If an object is dropped, the acceleration is always 9.8 1 m/s2 down due to gravity

Down is usually negative, up is positive, making the acceleration

Do acceleration due to gravity lab 9.8 1 m/s2

Lesson Eighteen

 

Summary:
-isp in class assignment

Homework:
-complete isp


PHYSICS ISP

Complete physics ISP

Lesson Nineteen

 

Summary:
-physicist research project

Homework:
-choose topic for research


PHYSICS RESEARCH PROJECT

View video on Einstein, Feynman or Hawking

Make notes on background and significance of research

 

Lesson Twenty

 

Summary:
-physicist research project

Homework:
-do physics research project


PHYSICS RESEARCH PROJECT

Work on physics research project

Lesson Twenty one

 

Summary:
-review physics

-discuss Newton’s three laws

Homework:
-physics review


PHYSICS REVIEW

Review physics

Video – Newton’s three laws